Porthos
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Who, What, When, Why, etc?What are the words for the main questions in your native language, or any other languages you speak? I'll start off the thread with English and Spanish.
English:
Who
What
When
Where
Why
How
Which
Spanish:
Quien
Que
Cuando
Donde
Porque
Como
Cual
I'm mainly interested in seeing the various Romance and Germanic languages.
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Pauline
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dutch
wie
wat
wanneer
waar
waarom
hoe
welk(e)
german
wer
was
wann
wo
warum
wie
welch(e/er/es..)
I'm sorry, if I've made some mistakes !! Please correct them 
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Benjamin [inactive]
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I often find it interesting to compare these words between English, Dutch and German, so I've written them side by side:
English — Dutch — German
who — wie — wer
what — wat — was
when — wanneer — wann
where — waar — wo
why — waarom — warum
how — hoe — wie
which — welk(e) — welche(r/s)
And in French, in the same order:
qui
que, quoi
quand
où
pourquoi
comment
quel(le)(s)
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Porthos
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Dank u for the side by side analysis. What is interesting is that about half of the Dutch words are more similar to English and the other half are more similar to German.
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Porthos
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And can we get the Frisian words for these? I don't know how I would go about finding them. Unforunately, I'm no google expert.
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Benjamin [inactive]
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Okay...
English — Frisian — Dutch
who — wäl — wie
what — wät — wat
when — wanner — wanneer
where — wier — waar
why — wieruum — waarom
how — woo — hoe
which — wäkke(r) — welk(e)
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Porthos
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See, Frisian is much more akin to Dutch even in the most elementary questions of its vocabulary!
Frisian is genetically closer to English, but in realistic terms, you must see that is actually closer to Dutch than it is to English.
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fab
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Italian, French, Catalan, Spanish :
CHI, QUI, QUI, QUIEN,
CHE, QUE, QUE, QUE,
CHE, QUOI, QUE, QUE
QUANDO, QUAND, QUAN, CUANDO
DOVE, OU, D'ON, DONDE
PERCHE, POURQUOI, PER QUE, PORQUE
COME, COMMENT, COM, COMO
QUALE, QUEL, QUIN, CUAL
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Porthos
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| fab wrote: | Italian, French, Catalan, Spanish :
CHI, QUI, QUI, QUIEN,
CHE, QUE, QUE, QUE,
CHE, QUOI, QUE, QUE
QUANDO, QUAND, QUAN, CUANDO
DOVE, OU, D'ON, DONDE
PERCHE, POURQUOI, PER QUE, PORQUE
COME, COMMENT, COM, COMO
QUALE, QUEL, QUIN, CUAL |
A couple of questions Fab. How is the French "comment" pronounced? I think I know, but I just want to make sure. And "qui" is pronounced with an English 'q' sound (similar to English 'k' or hard 'c' as in Spanish "Que") or with a "ch" sound like the Italian "che"?
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fab
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| Quote: | | couple of questions Fab. How is the French "comment" pronounced? I think I know, but I just want to make sure. And "qui" is pronounced with an English 'q' sound (similar to English 'k' or hard 'c' as in Spanish "Que") or with a "ch" sound like the Italian "che"? |
"Comment" is of course absolutly not pronounced as the english word "comment" (and the meaning is complelty different also)/
Actually it is pronounced quite similar to "como", just that the final vowel sound is a bit nasal (en, an). The same way "mama" is "maman", but very close pronounciation.
"Qui", is pronounced exactly the same way than the Italian "Chi". It is like the spanish "que", but with a "ee" sound at the end. (the same way than "quien", but without "-en").
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fab
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COME, COMMENT, COM, COMO
Just a precision, these were the words for "how", but the same words are alos used for "like", as in the sentence "He is LIKE his mother..."
In this case, in french we would say "comme" and not "comment" we would say :
COME, COMME, COM, COMO
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Porthos
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And Spanish also uses "como" in the same way that English uses "like" or "such as".
This is how I thought French "comment" was pronounced, but with English phonetic spelling and a bit more nasal (com-an), with the 'e' nasalized.
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Deborah
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In case it wasn't made clear, in Italian, the ch in chi and che is pronounced the same as the Spanish hard c. But in ci and ce, the c is pronounced like the English ch.
To get the hard c sound before all the vowels:
ca
co
cu
che
chi
To get the soft (like English ch) sound before all the vowels:
cia
cio
ciu
ce
ci
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Porthos
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Oh thank you for the explanation Deb.
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Harrenys Targaryen
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Danish:
Hvem
Hvad
Hvor
Hvornår
Hvorfor
Hvordan
Hvilken/Hvilket/Hvilke (for common, neuter, and plural nouns, respectively)
Six of these interrogatives are the same in Norwegian: hvad becomes hva.
Swedish:
Vem
Vad
Var
När
Varför
Hur
Vilken/Vilket/Vilka
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Harrenys Targaryen
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Er, I switched "when" and "where" in my post, since the mnemonic always went "who, what, where, when, why, how" for me.
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Loic
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Who -> Siapa
What -> Apa
Why -> Kenapa
Where -> (di) Mana
Malay is a very easy language. When you are asking a question, just add the suffix -kah to the start of the first word. So If I wish to ask:
English: What do you want?
Bahasa Melayu: Apakah mahu anda?
But we usually just say "Kau nak apa?" in colloquail speech. Formal Malay can be a thorn in the flesh at times.
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Walker
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| Harrenys Targaryen wrote: | Danish:
Hvem
Hvad
Hvor
Hvornår
Hvorfor
Hvordan
Hvilken/Hvilket/Hvilke (for common, neuter, and plural nouns, respectively)
Six of these interrogatives are the same in Norwegian: hvad becomes hva.
Swedish:
Vem
Vad
Var
Varnär
Varför
Hur
Vilken/Vilket/Vilka |
Actually, it's "när", not "varnär" for "when". "What" can also be "vilket/vilken", for instance, "what nice weather!" or "what a nice car!" is "vilket fint väder!/vilken fin bil!".
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Harrenys Targaryen
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| Walker wrote: |
Actually, it's "när", not "varnär" for "when". "What" can also be "vilket/vilken", for instance, "what nice weather!" or "what a nice car!" is "vilket fint väder!/vilken fin bil!". |
Argh, memory has failed me! (-_-)
Thank you for pointing it out: time to edit, I guess.
And may I ask if sådan/sådant/sådanna can be used in a similar manner, e.g. "Sådant sött barn!" (Such a sweet child!), "Sådanna bra böcker!" (Such good books!)
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Porthos
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| loic wrote: | Who -> Siapa
What -> Apa
Why -> Kenapa
Where -> (di) Mana
Malay is a very easy language. When you are asking a question, just add the suffix -kah to the start of the first word. So If I wish to ask:
English: What do you want?
Bahasa Melayu: Apakah mahu anda?
But we usually just say "Kau nak apa?" in colloquail speech. Formal Malay can be a thorn in the flesh at times. |
Japanese does the same thing, although it adds "ka" at the end of the sentence.
Understand = Wakarimasu
Do you understand? = Wakarimasu ka?
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Fredrik
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Engl -Fris - Dutch - Germ - Dan - Swed - Norw (Nynorsk)
who — wäl - wie — wer - hvem - vem - kven
what — wät - wat — was - hvad - vad - kva
when — wanner - wanneer — wann -hvornår - när - når
where — wiel - waar — wo - hvor - var - kvar
why — wieruum - waarom — warum - hvorfor - varför - kvifor
how — woo - hoe — wie - hvordan - hur - korleis
which —wäkke(r) - welk(e) —welche(r/s) -hvilke(n/t) -vilke(n/t) -kva for ein/t
The original Germanic prefix was -hw (the link to Romance qu/ch is obvious, just as in the pair cornus - horn). The West Germanic language lost the h, while North Germanic turned the w into a v. The East Nordic languages (Danish and Swedish then dropped the h too, while the West Nordic languages (Icelandic, Faroese and Norwegian Nynorsk) altered the hv to a kv sound (though Icelandic still spells it hv).
Colloquial Western Norwegian has now lost the v too, so that a Western Norwegian may pronounce "what" similar to many Romance speakers:
Ke? = Que?
Some dialects of colloquial Norwegian and Swedish have also developed very shortened form for interrogative phrases, though I am not sure wether they can be used in stressed positions:
who - å (pronounced /o/)
what - å
when - når
where - å
why - åffer
how - åssen
which - åkken
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Loic
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Porthos: I wasn't aware of that similarity. Did you perhaps, study a little bit of Japanese in school?
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Deborah
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Josh didn't request it, but here it is in Russian. Following the Russian word in bold is the letter-by-letter transliteration, then the approximate real pronunciation in italics, using my own transliteration.
Who – кто – kto – kto
What – что – chto – shto
When – когда – kogda – kag-DA
Where – где – gd’e – gd’e
Why – почему – pochemu – pa-chi-MU
How – как – kak – kak
Which – какой – kakoi – ka-KOI
Pronounce a, i, o and u as in Spanish.
Pronounce e as in English "yeah". (The comma indicates palatization, which means pressing your tongue against the soft palate as you say the syllable de.
The consonants are as in English, with a hard g.
(My apologies for not using x-sampa or IPA for the transliteration.)
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Fredrik
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Hmm, interesting. I think I could manage "chto" and "kak", but the other seem strange, hehe.
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Deborah
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| Fredrik wrote: | | Hmm, interesting. I think I could manage "chto" and "kak", but the other seem strange, hehe. |
Maybe they just look strange in my transliteration. I'm sure you could handle them with no problem. The only word that has a sound that would be unfamiliar to you is gd'e. Sometimes the palatization is represented by a y in transliteration into Engish. I've seen it spelled gdyeh.
The KOI part of ka-KOI is a diphthong, not 2 separate vowels, so it rhymes with boy.
To add to the fun, there are 6 cases in Russian, so you have to learn all the different forms of these words -- and in masculine, feminine, neuter and plural!
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Walker
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| Fredrik wrote: | | when — wanner - wanneer — wann -hvornår - når - når |
Ahum, like I said, it's "när". Hehehe, I know it was probably just a typo!
| Harrenys Targaryen wrote: | | Walker wrote: |
Actually, it's "när", not "varnär" for "when". "What" can also be "vilket/vilken", for instance, "what nice weather!" or "what a nice car!" is "vilket fint väder!/vilken fin bil!". |
Argh, memory has failed me! (-_-)
Thank you for pointing it out: time to edit, I guess.
And may I ask if sådan/sådant/sådanna can be used in a similar manner, e.g. "Sådant sött barn!" (Such a sweet child!), "Sådanna bra böcker!" (Such good books!) |
Yes, you could say "ett sådant sött barn!" although "vilket sött barn!" is a much more common way to say "such a sweet child!". You can say "sådant väder!", usually meaning "what bad weather!".
"Sådana bra böcker!" wouldn't really work, though. It's "vilka bra böcker!".
Mark that sådan/sådant/sådana are rarely pronounced as they're spelled (/as they should) - they become sån/sånt/sånna. These are all pronounced with a short 'å'.
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Porthos
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| loic wrote: | | Porthos: I wasn't aware of that similarity. Did you perhaps, study a little bit of Japanese in school? |
No, I just learned some Japanese on my own from personal study. I've never actually had any foreign language classes in school. I became very interested in Japanese after reading James Clavell's "Shogun", and the rest of his Asian saga series. I actually picked up a lot of Japanese from that book alone, and then I taught myself some. But, sadly, I've forgotten almost everything I learned. I used to be able to fulfill basic needs (in spoken form) and count from one to one hundred, but I forgot most of it. 
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Fredrik
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| Walker wrote: | | Fredrik wrote: | | when — wanner - wanneer — wann -hvornår - når - når |
Ahum, like I said, it's "när". Hehehe, I know it was probably just a typo!
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Ops, ja, det var det! Har retta det nå!
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Porthos
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Mein Rottweiler is such a stud, ain't he?
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Fredrik
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Ach ja!
Mein Rottweiler ist ein harter Kerl, is'er nicht?
=
My rottweiler is a real stud, ain't he?
Seriously yes, he looks scary. What's his name?
I have no problem admitting that I am not really comfortable around dogs that are too big to be kicked out of my way in an emergency situation. My friends tease me for it and think it stems from growing up with a rabbit as a pet. 
BTW I passed through the town of Rottweil in Germany this summer. It's supposed to be a very nice medieval town.
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Porthos
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| Fredrik wrote: | Ach ja!
Mein Rottweiler ist ein harter Kerl, is'er nicht?
=
My rottweiler is a real stud, ain't he?
Seriously yes, he looks scary. What's his name?
I have no problem admitting that I am not really comfortable around dogs that are too big to be kicked out of my way in an emergency situation. My friends tease me for it and think it stems from growing up with a rabbit as a pet.
BTW I passed through the town of Rottweil in Germany this summer. It's supposed to be a very nice medieval town. |
He's really vicious with men, but he's super gentle and sweet around my mother and I, and he's really good with women and kids. I suppose it's because he only views men as a threat, but not women or children. He's bitten a few men actually. But it was always because they did something stupid, like get near his face and such. You would like his name. His name is "LOKI", after the Norse god of mischief.
God bless the Germans for Rottweilers. Did you know that Rotties were actually a Roman breed, originally? They were used as war dogs in the legions, and then after the Romans abandoned their mission in Germany, they left the dogs there. The Germans then raised them as their own, and eventually made them into sheep dogs. They were also known as "butcher's dogs" in Germany, because butchers would tie their day's wages on a collar around the dog's neck, to protect the money from thieves.
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Fredrik
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Wow, Loki! Now that's a daring name. Although it has been quite common in Scandinavia to name farm animals, pets, trains and even people after Norse gods since the Norse revival in the 19th century, I can't remember ever seeing the name Loki (or Loke in modern Norwegian) used. Although he wasn't an evil devil, Loki is seen as a rather sinister god. After all he arranged the killing of Balder, the Christ-like light god and he fathered some nasty kids: Jörmungandr, the sea serpent; Fenrir the giant wolf preordained to slay Odin at the time of Ragnarök and Hel, ruler of the realm of the dead.
Yes, it makes sense that the Rottweilers are a Roman breed, as Rottweil or Aræ Flaviæ as it was called, was one of the most important cities of Germania Superior.
But today I guess that Rottweilers are a part of that stereotypical image that makes people a little sceptical of Germany..., hehe. Too bad actually, as the most popular dog in Germany is the peaceful Dachshund. And in a recent investigation about "250 reasons for loving Germany"*, the Dachshund was selected as a top reason!
* Such an investigation seems very odd to Americans, Norwegians and other overtly patriotic nations, but the self-hating Germans regularly try to persuade each other that Germany is a loveable country!
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Loic
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Porthos: My dog can eat up your dog.
PS: Just pulling your leg.
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Benjamin [inactive]
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| Fredrik wrote: | | * Such an investigation seems very odd to Americans, Norwegians and other overtly patriotic nations, but the self-hating Germans regularly try to persuade each other that Germany is a loveable country! |
Seems like a very normal sort of investigation to me... I wonder why, LOL. Actually, I'm sure we've made programmes like that as well.
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Porthos
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| Fredrik wrote: | Wow, Loki! Now that's a daring name. Although it has been quite common in Scandinavia to name farm animals, pets, trains and even people after Norse gods since the Norse revival in the 19th century, I can't remember ever seeing the name Loki (or Loke in modern Norwegian) used. Although he wasn't an evil devil, Loki is seen as a rather sinister god. After all he arranged the killing of Balder, the Christ-like light god and he fathered some nasty kids: Jörmungandr, the sea serpent; Fenrir the giant wolf preordained to slay Odin at the time of Ragnarök and Hel, ruler of the realm of the dead.
Yes, it makes sense that the Rottweilers are a Roman breed, as Rottweil or Aræ Flaviæ as it was called, was one of the most important cities of Germania Superior.
But today I guess that Rottweilers are a part of that stereotypical image that makes people a little sceptical of Germany..., hehe. Too bad actually, as the most popular dog in Germany is the peaceful Dachshund. And in a recent investigation about "250 reasons for loving Germany"*, the Dachshund was selected as a top reason!
* Such an investigation seems very odd to Americans, Norwegians and other overtly patriotic nations, but the self-hating Germans regularly try to persuade each other that Germany is a loveable country! |
Well, I found it fitting to name a rottie after a god such as Loki (sort of the Norse equivalent of Hades), but my brother is the one who named him anyway. And if the Romans were the original creator of the breed, I still don't think they deserve the credit. The original Rottweilers in Rome were a different breed than they are today, and I think the Germans deserve the credit for making these dogs. Also, there are differences between the American type, and the German type. The Germans are usually a bit heavier, and they have bigger heads, with shorter snouts, while the American version is slightly smaller and with a longer snout. Personally, I like the American one better. Mine is an American version. But I love speaking to him in German, because I think it just sounds cool, or even somewhat intimidating.
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patriccke
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| fab wrote: | Italian, French, Catalan, Spanish :
...
DOVE, OU, D'ON, DONDE |
Dove, où, on, dónde
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Kirk
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| Porthos wrote: | | Fredrik wrote: | Ach ja!
Mein Rottweiler ist ein harter Kerl, is'er nicht?
=
My rottweiler is a real stud, ain't he?
Seriously yes, he looks scary. What's his name?
I have no problem admitting that I am not really comfortable around dogs that are too big to be kicked out of my way in an emergency situation. My friends tease me for it and think it stems from growing up with a rabbit as a pet.
BTW I passed through the town of Rottweil in Germany this summer. It's supposed to be a very nice medieval town. |
He's really vicious with men, but he's super gentle and sweet around my mother and I, and he's really good with women and kids. I suppose it's because he only views men as a threat, but not women or children. He's bitten a few men actually. But it was always because they did something stupid, like get near his face and such. You would like his name. His name is "LOKI", after the Norse god of mischief. |
Hehe, thats's funny--one of my coworkers has a cat she named Loki, after the same Norse god.
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Julian
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Re: Who, What, When, Why, etc? | Porthos wrote: | What are the words for the main questions in your native language, or any other languages you speak? I'll start off the thread with English and Spanish.
I'm mainly interested in seeing the various Romance and Germanic languages. |
Well, even though you asked for mainly Romance and Germanic languages, I'll throw in my basic knowledge of Tagalog.
Who - Sino
What - Anó
When - Kailán
Where - Saán / Nasaán
Why - Bakit
How - Paano (in what way?), Ilán (how many?), Magkano (how much?)
Which - Alín
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Daniel
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Re: Who, What, When, Why, etc? | Julian wrote: | | Porthos wrote: | What are the words for the main questions in your native language, or any other languages you speak? I'll start off the thread with English and Spanish.
I'm mainly interested in seeing the various Romance and Germanic languages. |
Well, even though you asked for mainly Romance and Germanic languages, I'll throw in my basic knowledge of Tagalog.
Who - Sino
What - Anó
When - Kailán
Where - Saán / Nasaán
Why - Bakit
How - Paano (in what way?), Ilán (how many?), Magkano (how much?)
Which - Alín |
The Tagalog translation is 100% correct.
In spoken Tagalog, you can duplicate the question word when expecting the subject to be plural:
Sinu-sino, anu-ano, kai-kailan, alin-alin, ilan-ilan. But words like ba-bakit, etc. do not exist.
Here's the Scots version (not Scots-Gaelic but Scots):
Who - Wha / Fa
What - Whit / Fit
When - Whaun / Faun / Fan
Where - Whaur / Faur / Far
Why - Whit faur / Fit far
How - Hoo
Which - Whilk / Filk / Ilka
Note: In the Doric dialect of Scots, the question word usually begins with either 'wh' or 'f' but is always pronounced as /f/. In the Lallans dialect, the question word begins with 'wh' but is aspirated.
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Daniel
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I'm going to attempt at describing how these question words are expressed in my native sign language (British Sign Language). I can't do a video, unfortunately.
My dialect (northern Scottish):
Who: make your first finger of your right hand like a hook and place the side of the finger on your chin.
What: Wag your finger as if to say 'no, no!'
When: place your flat hand on your right cheek (the one on the face, of course, hehe), and wiggle your fingers.
Where: Open flat both your hands in front of your, at your waist level but not too close to the body and then move them horizontally in a circle.
How: Make both your hands like claws and gently bring them together at the knuckles twice.
Which: If you know ASL, make a "Y" shape (if you don't know it, then make your hand into a fist - don't even think about it - then stick out both your thumb and the little finger) and wag sideways.
Why: hold your first finger as if to say the number 1 but place this finger on the chest next to your left shoulder.
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Fredrik
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Wow!
You people must burn a lot of calories just by talking!
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Daniel
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| Fredrik wrote: | Wow!
You people must burn a lot of calories just by talking! |
That's why I always stay slim. No bingo wings.
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Shouga
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Icelandic - Íslenska:
Who - Hver
What - Hvað
When - Hvenær
Where - Hvar (where from: hvaðan)
How - Hvernig (how many: mörg, margar, hve margir
Which - Hvaða
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Icke
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| Kirk wrote: |
Hehe, thats's funny--one of my coworkers has a cat she named Loki, after the same Norse god. |
LOL, this must be a rather popular name for pets then...because my brother's cat is also called Loki, and his other cat is named Wotan 
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Kirk
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| Icke wrote: | | Kirk wrote: |
Hehe, thats's funny--one of my coworkers has a cat she named Loki, after the same Norse god. |
LOL, this must be a rather popular name for pets then...because my brother's cat is also called Loki, and his other cat is named Wotan |
Haha, really? Must be a popular name, then!
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Benjamin [inactive]
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Here are the Esperanto question words:
kio — what
kiu — who/which
kia — what kind of
kie — where
kiam — when
kial — why
kiel — how
kiom — how many/much
kies — whose
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Bashar
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Here they are for Modern Standard Arabic (the written language, what the people on TV speak) and some of the dialects (what people in real life speak). Note that I don't know much about dialects but I speak MSA great.
Of course Arabic has a totally different writing system that most of you probably don't understand, so I'll transliterate everything into English. If you see "ee" that's [i:] in IPA. "oo" is [u:], "ay" is [ei], and so forth.
English____MSA_______Egyptian___Levantine___Iraqi____________Gulf/Saudi
what______ma/matha_ay_________shoo_______ shinu/sh-/aysh*__aysh
who_______men______meen______meen_______minu___________(I forgot!)
where_____ayna______fayn_______wayn________wayn___________wayn
when______meta_____imta________imta_______shwakit**_______(forgot again)
why_______limatha___lay_________laysh_______laysh___________laysh
how_______kayf______keef_______ keef________shlown***______(yep, forgot)
* "Shinu" usually contracts to a "sh-" tacked onto the beginning of the next word. The word "aysh" is used instead if after a preposition (as in "with what?")
** Literally "what time?"
*** Literally "what color?"
In Egyptian you can put the question word AFTER the noun you are asking about. If you want to know where Hamza is, you can ask "Hamza fayn?" The same is true of the words "this" and "that." Wikipedia says this comes from the original Egyptian language the Egyptians used to speak centuries ago before they abandoned it in favor of Arabic.
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Deborah
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That's interesting, Bashar, thanks! I didn't know there was so much difference in basic words between the different dialects. I studied Arabic for one semester, years ago, and the only ones I remember are -- using your transliteration -- shoo, meen, wayn and keef. (My teacher was Palestinian.)
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Porthos
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| Deborah wrote: | | That's interesting, Bashar, thanks! I didn't know there was so much difference in basic words between the different dialects. I studied Arabic for one semester, years ago, and the only ones I remember are -- using your transliteration -- shoo, meen, wayn and keef. (My teacher was Palestinian.) |
Nor did I realize the dialects were that different.
So, would a speaker of the Saudi dialect understand an Iraqi?
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Liz
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In Hungarian:
Who ---- Ki / Kit (Acc.)
What --- Mi / Mit (Acc.)
When -- Mikor
Where -- Hol
Why ---- Miért
How ---- Hogy(an)
Which -- Melyik
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Bashar
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I think Iraqis and Saudis would understand each other. I have heard an Iraqi and an Egyptian talking to each other in their own dialects so I guess those are mutually intelligible too. I think the only one that people would have problems with is Moroccan, which is more different from the other dialects than the other dialects are from each other.
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greg in noord-frankrijk
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allemand — haut-allemand ancien — vieil-anglais
wer — hwer — hwa
was — hwaz — hwa, hwæt
wann — wanne, wenne — hwænne, hwenne, hwonne
wo — hwar — hwær, hwar, hwara
warum, weshalb, wieso — warumbe, ? + halp, wio...so — hwi, hwy
wie — hweo, wio — hu
welcher, welches, welche — hwelich — hwilc, hwi-lic
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bruce
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English to Vietnamese
Who -- ai
What -- cai gi
When -- bao gio / khi nao
Where -- o dau
Why -- tai sao
How -- lam sao
Which -- cai nao
and of course, there are diacritic marks and tone marks that I can't type on my American keyboard XD
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